A Mini CNC Laser Engraver is a compact computer-controlled machine that uses a focused laser beam to engrave or lightly cut materials with high precision. It combines CNC motion control with laser technology, allowing users to create detailed patterns, text, logos, and artwork on various surfaces.

This project is popular for:

1. School/college engineering projects
2. DIY makers & hobbyists
3. Small home workshops
4. STEM education
5. Craft and miniature engraving work

Key Features

1. CNC 2-Axis or 3-Axis Control

Most mini engravers have:

1. X-axis → Horizontal movement
2. Y-axis → Vertical movement
3. Optional Z-axis → Laser focus adjustment

Movement is typically controlled by:

1. Stepper motors (NEMA 17)
2. GT2 timing belts or lead screw mechanism
3. Arduino GRBL firmware

2. Laser Module

Common laser specifications:

1. Power: 500mW / 1W / 2.5W / 5W / 10W
2. Wavelength: 445–455 nm (blue laser)
3. Adjustable focus lens
4. Can engrave materials such as:
5. Wood
6. Cardboard
7. Leather
8. Plastic
9. Paper
10. Rubber
11. PCB marking

(Not suitable for cutting thick materials unless using higher wattage)

3. Smart Controller (GRBL-Based)

Most mini laser engravers use:

1. Arduino Uno + GRBL firmware
2. A4988 / DRV8825 stepper motor drivers
3. Laser driver board with PWM control

GRBL interprets G-code and converts it into precise motor signals.

4. Software Compatibility

Supports:

1. LaserGRBL
2. LightBurn
3. Inkscape + G-code extension
4. Universal G-Code Sender (UGS)

You can import:

1. SVG
2. PNG
3. JPG
4. DXF
5. G-code

5. Mechanical Structure

Usually built from:

1. Aluminum extrusion frame
2. 3D-printed components
3. Linear rods & bearings
4. GT2 belt & pulley
5. Laser carriage with cooling fan

Compact and lightweight design.

Applications

1. Logo engraving
2. Wooden keychains
3. Custom gifts
4. PCB marking
5. Vector art engraving
6. Leather patterns
7. Educational CNC+laser learning